Travel China: Liaoning Province

This is a picture of Shenyang Imperial Palace. Photo from Catty Lee.
Liaoning, also known as the “Golden Triangle,” consists of an area of more than 145,900 square kilometers with borders including the Yellow Sea and the Bo Hai Sea. While the area now known as Liaoning has always been significant to China because of its strategic position near these seas and Korea, the province was only created in 1954 by merging the provinces of Liaodong and Liaoxi with five other municipalities.
Liaoning can be divided into three geographical areas. The highlands, consisting of low hills including the Nulu’erhu Mountains, are located in the western portion of Liaoning. In the middle of Liaoning, flatlands with rivers such as the Liao, dominate. The eastern portion of Liaoning is mountainous and includes Mt. Huabozi, the highest point in the province. The climate of Liaoning is cold during the winter months and warm and rainy during the summer months. Windy spring and fall seasons are short in comparison to summer and winter. The economy of Liaoning has historically focused on heavy industry. The city of Anshan, known for its steel and iron production, is known as the steel capital of China. Liaoning also provides petroleum, natural gas, and salt to China. In addition, Liaoning has iron, diamond, and boron deposits that are mined. Most of the apples and peaches that China exports are grown around Dalian. In addition to apples and peaches, Liaoning is known for producing maize, soybeans, peanuts, traditional Chinese medicine, and cotton.
Dalian, a city located on the Liaodong Peninsula, is a heavily developed city that is one of China’s major ports. Other ports in Liaoning include Yingkou and Dandong. Dalian was host to the

Photo from Kendy Li.
The majority of the population of the approximately 40 million people who live in Liaoning are Han Chinese. Minorities include Manchu, Koreans, Hui, Mongols, and Xianbei. Liaoning ranks 14th in population in China as of 2004.
Liaoning’s history is turbulant but deeply connected to the development of contemporary China. During the early 1600s, the Manchu used Shenyang, the contemporary capital of Liaoning, as their dynasty’s capital. They went on to conquer the rest of China and establish the Qing Dynasty, which lasted until 1911. The 20th century was a turbulent time for Liaoning and China as a whole. Many of the important battles of the 1905 Russo-Japanese War were fought in Liaoning. The Japanese invaded the area in 1931 and would occupy Liaoning until the end of World War II in 1945.
Liaoning also features a number of places of contemporary interest. The Shenyang Imperial Palace, located in Shenyang, is a smaller version of the Forbidden City. Completed in 1636, the Shenyang Imperial Palace is more intact than is the Forbidden City today. The Benxi Water Cave National Park hosts the largest water cave in Asia. The Benxi Water Cave National Park, consisting of 45 square kilometers, includes Mt. Tiecha, the Spa Temple, and Tanggou Valley. Mt. Tiecha, also known as Jui Ding, or Nine Peaks, is thought to be where Taoism originated in northeast China. In addition to being an important trade and manufacturing city, Dalian has beaches and hosts the Dalian Spring Fireworks Festival.